- June 21, 2022
- By admin
Drug delivery in healthcare is made easy with nanomedicine
Use of nanotechnology for medicinal benefits
Nanomedicine entails the use of nanoscale technologies for illness detection, prevention, and therapy, as well as a better knowledge of the disease’s complicated underlying pathophysiology. The ultimate objective is to raise the standard of living. Nanomedicine aims to monitor, repair, and enhance all human biological systems at the molecular level, employing manufactured devices and nanostructures to produce medicinal benefits. Nanomedicine, in its broadest sense, is the act of employing molecular tools and understanding of the human body to diagnose, treat, and prevent disease and traumatic injury, relieve pain, and preserve and improve human health. Molecular Nanotechnology has the potential to provide strong new tools for the treatment of human illnesses and the enhancement of human biological systems. Nanotechnology is a broad phrase that relates to engineering and manufacturing on a molecular or nanoscale scale. One billionth of a metre is a nanometer, which is roughly the breadth of six joined carbon atoms. A rising interest in nanotechnology’s medicinal uses has given rise to a new area known as nanomedicine. They might clear blockages in the vascular system, destroy cancer cells, or take over subcellular organelle functions. Similarly, to how an artificial heart has been built today, an artificial mitochondrion may be developed in the future. Nanomedicine has the promise of developing strong new tools for treating human illnesses and enhancing human biological systems. Medical nanorobotics based on diamondoid may provide significant gains in capabilities over natural biological systems, possibly outperforming tissue engineering and biotechnology.
Variety of applications of nanomedicine
The majority of nanotechnologies in healthcare employ nanovectors to deliver and release an active substance into target cells in a precise manner. Drug effectiveness and bioavailability can be increased while dosage and toxicity are reduced thanks to nanoparticle vectorization. These nano-drugs are now routinely utilised in oncology, and they provide promise for tumours that are difficult to treat, such as pancreatic, ovarian, and even brain cancer. Nanoparticles are also employed as a heat source to increase the efficacy of cancer radiation, resulting in fewer sessions or lower doses. Nanobiotix, for example, has discovered a method for aggregating hafnium oxide nanoparticles, which when injected prior to radiotherapy adhere to tumour cells, enhancing the capacity of X-rays to precisely kill them. The FDA granted the start-up “Fast Track” approval for the research of NBTXR3, a product developed from this technology, in malignancies of the head and neck. Vaxinano produced the first toxoplasmosis vaccine in 2016. Its goal was to encapsulate the antigens of a deceased virus, bacteria, or parasite in biocompatible nanoparticles, like in a traditional vaccination. It offered various advantages over the traditional vaccination, including nasal administration, which removed the negative effects of needle injection and the lack of adjuvant, which decreased the possibility of reversion. As a result, nanoparticles have the potential to improve existing vaccinations as well as produce novel vaccines for illnesses for which none now exist. Regenerative medicine has the promise of being able to replace damaged tissue with healthy, functioning tissue. The structure of biocompatible materials can be modelled after physiological tissue. These nanobiomaterials can also be coupled with stem cells to act as scaffolds, allowing cells to proliferate, differentiate, and become useful in the correct environment. The fields of application, which are now in the experimental stage, range from bone repair to wound healing.
The role of nanomedicine in drug delivery revolutionizes the healthcare industry
In the field of nanoengineered devices, some of the most current and unique applications of nanotechnology in medication delivery may be found. Because the quantity of drugs that can be placed on a single nanoparticle is restricted, and their capacity to regulate drug release is predicated on a single trigger, such as particle disintegration, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are constrained. Increasingly sophisticated systems that can hold a large number of active molecules and release particular quantities in response to pulsatile stimuli over a longer length of time are also becoming more necessary. As a result, nanoscale manufacturing techniques are being studied more and more for device design with controlled surface qualities, as well as devices that can operate as biosensors and stimuli-sensitive delivery platforms. Nanobots can check each of the body’s cells for malignant tendencies and thoroughly examine any suspect cells; if a cancer is found, they can eradicate it swiftly, employing more targeted and aggressive techniques than the immune system is capable of. A tiny gadget can be created to identify and kill cancer cells using such molecular tools. The gadget would have a small computer, various binding sites for determining the number of certain chemicals, and a poisoned supply that could be delivered selectively and capable of killing a malignant cell.
Reference
- Nagaich, U. (2014). Nanomedicine: Revolutionary trends in drug delivery and diagnostics. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.126977
- Nanomedicine: 4 application fields of nanotechnologies in healthcare. (2020, April 15). Alcimed. https://www.alcimed.com/en/alcim-articles/nanomedicine-the-4-application-fields-of-nanotechnologies-in-healthcare/
- Saha, M. (2009). Nanomedicine: Promising Tiny Machine for the Healthcare in Future-A Review. Oman Medical Journal, 24(4), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2009.50